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Gun control in Russia is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law on Weapons. The law establishes three major categories of weapons: civil, service, and military.[1]
Overview
[edit]As of 2013[update] Russian citizens over 18 years of age can obtain a firearms license after attending gun-safety classes and passing a federal test and background check. Firearms may be acquired for self-defense, hunting, or sports activities, as well as for collection purposes.
Carrying permits may be issued for hunting firearms licensed for hunting purposes. Initially, purchases are limited to long smooth-bore firearms and pneumatic weapons with a muzzle energy of up to 25 joules (18 ft?lbf). After five years of shotgun ownership, rifles may be purchased. Handguns were generally not allowed, but with the growing popularity of practical shooting events and competitions in Russia in recent years (e.g., IPSC), handgun ownership has now been allowed and you must be 21 years of age, a legal Russian citizen and possess a valid firearms permit. Originally, handguns were only used for sports and competitive shooting, but have recently been allowed for the purposes of self-defense on an owner's property. [2]
As of 2023, handguns using live ammunition are not allowed to be concealed carry in public. The only legal handguns allowed in public are traumatic handguns using rubber bullets, and may be used for the purposes of self-defense. The only exception to this federal law are commemoration pistols, which have special engravings, and these can only be gifted by government officials for acts of heroism. These engraved pistols may use live ammunition and are allowed to be concealed carried, and used for the purposes of self-defense, provided the recipient is 21 years of age or older, and possess a valid firearms permit. Rifles and shotguns with barrels less than 500 mm (20 in) long are prohibited, as are firearms which shoot in bursts or have more than a 10-round capacity. The only exception for the 10-round capacity, is for use on gun ranges. Suppressors are generally prohibited and must receive special government permission. An individual cannot possess more than ten guns (up to five shotguns and up to five rifles, either rifled or smooth-bore) unless they are part of a registered gun collection.[3]
History of changes
[edit]In 2014 Russia relaxed its gun laws by simplifying regulations for foreigners who legally bring their firearms to Russia; and making regulations stricter for firearm licensing, safekeeping, and for the purchase of non-lethal firearms.[3]
In July 2016, requirements were updated for registration, licensing, and storage of hunting, sporting, pneumatic, and gas weapons. [4][5]
In the wake of the Kazan school shooting various proposals for tighter gun control were voiced[6][7][8][9] and a bill drafted earlier and submitted in December 2020 is to be considered by the State Duma in May 2021.[6][10][needs update]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ. ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ ЗАКОН Об оружии ("Russian Federation. Federal Law on Weapons")
- ^ citation needed
- ^ a b "Firearms-Control Legislation and Policy: Russian Federation". Law.gov. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
- ^ "Russia: New Requirements for Firearms Operation Licenses"
- ^ "Федеральный закон от 3 июля 2016 г. N 227-ФЗ "О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации и признании утратившими силу отдельных законодательных актов (положений законодательных актов) Российской Федерации в связи с принятием Федерального закона "О войсках национальной гвардии Российской Федерации"". Российская газета (in Russian). Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ^ a b При нападении на школу в Казани погибли девять человек. Kommersant (in Russian). 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ "Единая Россия" считает необходимым ужесточить законодательство в сфере оборота оружия. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ Володин заявил о необходимости обсудить уход от анонимности в интернете. TASS (in Russian). 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ^ Золотов предложил ввести психологическое тестирование при получении справки на оружие. TASS (in Russian). 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ^ Комитет Госдумы одобрил ужесточение правил выдачи лицензий на оружие. Kommersant (in Russian). 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.